3. Student Learning Map

  • Topic:09- Genes and Heredity
  • Subject(s):Science
  • Days:24
  • Grade(s):10
Key Learning:

DNA provides the genetic instructions for the manufactoring of proteins. DNA determines the structure of the proteins that are used in an organism. These proteins in turn are used to build, maintain and control the life functions of the organism.
Unit Essential Question(s):
 
 

How does DNA impact all living things?
   
Concept: Basic Concepts of Genetics
SC.912.L.16.2   SC.912.L.16.1  

Review dominant, recessive, phenotype, genotype, homozygous and heterozygous, which have been addressed at the middle level.

Describe the work of Mendel and the laws of segregation and independent assortment.

Determine inheritance patterns for dominant and recessive traits.
Concept: Meiosis
SC.912.L.16.1   SC.912.L.16.17   SC.912.L.16.16  

Identify the purpose of meiosis. Describe the phases of meiosis. Compare and contrast meiosis I and meiosis II.

Explain the role of crossing over.

Explain advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction. Advantages of sexual reproduction is an FCAT assessed topic.

HOTS: Compare/contrast could be used to address the ET LEQs.
Concept: DNA
SC.912.L.16.9   SC.912.L.16.5   SC.912.L.16.3  

Describe the processes of replication, transcription and translation.

Explain how and why the genetic code is universal to almost all organisms.

HOTS: Deductive or inductive reasoning could be used to address the ET LEQ.
Lesson Essential Question(s):

Why would we study inheritance?

 (A)

What influence did Gregor Mendel have on the study of genetics?

 (A)

How can I identify dominant and recessive patterns of inheritance?

 (A)

What are the major causes and effects of the various types of inherited trait patterns?

 (A)
Lesson Essential Question(s):

What is relationship between meiosis and the formation of haploid gametes or spores?

 (A)

How do the laws of independent assortment and segregation work together to determine inheritance patterns?

 (A)

What similarities and differences exist between the processes of mitosis and meiosis?

 (A)

What is the relationship between meiosis and sexual reproduction?

 (A)

What are the similiarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis?

 (ET)
Lesson Essential Question(s):

Why would we study DNA?

 (A)

What is the relationship between DNA and RNA?

 (A)

How do transcription and translation work together to result in gene expression?

 (A)
Vocabulary:

dihybrid cross, Mendelian genetics, *genotype, *phenotype

Vocabulary:

polar bodies

Vocabulary:

*DNA, nitrogen base (aka: nitrogenous base), codon, electrophoresis

Concept: Complex Inheritance Patterns
SC.912.L.16.8   SC.912.L.16.4   SC.912.L.16.2  

Explain the process of sex determination.

Distinguish between codominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenetic and multiple allelic inheritance.

Describe the inheritance of human blood type.

Discuss types of DNA mutations such as point and frameshift mutations as well as chromosomal mutations.

Explain the relationship between mutations and cancer.

Online examples of chromosome maps: www.genomics.energy.gov or Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (search OMIM).

HOTS: Deductive or inductive reasoning, constructing support or classifying could be used to address the ET LEQs.
Concept:
Concept:
Lesson Essential Question(s):

How can I identify codominant, sex-linked, incomplete dominance, polygenetic and multiple allelic inheritance?

 (A)

How can we use inheritance patterns to explain variations in phenotypes?

 (A)

What are the major causes and effects of DNA mutations?

 (A)

How do mutations in gametes impact phenotypic changes in offspring?

 (ET)
Lesson Essential Question(s):
Lesson Essential Question(s):
Vocabulary:

mutagen

Vocabulary:

Vocabulary:

Additional Information:

The asterisk (*) next to the vocabulary terms above indicates essential FCAT vocabulary.

Glencoe Biology textbook and ancillary materials.

View As PDF

Acquisition Lesson:

Extending Thinking Lesson:

Vocabulary Report

  • dihybrid cross -

    A dihybrid cross involves a study of inheritance patterns for organisms differing in two traits. Example: Mendel invented the dihybrid cross to determine if different traits of pea plants, such as flower color and seed shape, were inherited independently.

  • *DNA -

    Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information.

  • polar bodies -

    A small cell (which eventually disintegrates) that is the by-product of meiosis in female animals. One functional ovum and potentially three polar bodies result from meiosis of each primary oocyte.

  • mutagen -

    In biology, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic information (usually DNA) of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations cause cancer, mutagens are typically also carcinogens. Note: Not all mutations are caused by mutagens: So-called "spontaneous mutations" occur due to errors in DNA replication, repair and recombination.

  • Mendelian genetics -

    Mendelian inheritance (or Mendelian genetics or Mendelism) is a set of primary tenets relating to the transmission of hereditary characteristics from parent organisms to their children; it underlies much of genetics. They were initially derived from the work of Gregor Mendel published in 1865 and 1866 which was "re-discovered" in 1900, and were initially very controversial. When they were integrated with the chromosome theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1915, they became the core of classical genetics.

  • nitrogen base (aka: nitrogenous base) -

    One of the nitrogen-containing purines (adenine or guanine) or pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, or uracil) found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. The bases may be attached to a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA) to form nucleosides.The addition of a phosphate to a nucleoside results in the formation of a nucleotide, which is the basic constituent of nucleic acids.

  • *genotype -

    Genotype is an organism's full hereditary information, even if not expressed. The genotype represents its exact genetic makeup - the particular set of genes it possesses.

  • codon -

    set of three nitrogenous bases that represent an amino acid; order of nitrogenous bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in a protein.

  • *phenotype -

    Phenotype is an organism's actual observed properties, such as morphology, development, or behavior. This distinction is fundamental in the study of inheritance of traits and their evolution.

  • electrophoresis -

    Electrophoresis uses an electrical current to separate different sized molecules in a porous, sponge-like matrix (medium). Smaller molecules move more easily through the gel pores than larger molecules. Gel electrophoresis can be used to separate DNA fragments.