Student Learning Map

  • Topic:03- Atomic Structure
  • Subject(s):Science
  • Days:18
  • Grade(s):10
Key Learning:

An understanding of atomic structure is essential to the study of chemistry.
Unit Essential Question(s):
 
 

Why is it important to understand atomic structure?
   
Concept: Atomic Theory
SC.912.N.2.4   SC.912.N.2.5   SC.912.P.8.3  

Describe how data was shared and interpreted by various scientists over time to lead to the atomic theory.

Describe how the scientists used a model to visualize the atom.

Describe how the background, talents, interests and goals of a scientist impacted their interpretation and explanations of scientific discoveries.

Suggested Extended Thinking Strategy: Analyzing Perspective
Concept:

Atomic Structure

SC.912.P.8.4   SC.912.P.10.9  

Describe the arrangement of electrons within the Bohr model.

Describe the arrangement of electrons within the quantum theory.

Identify the electron configuration for a specific atom.

Define the four quantum numbers for a specific electron.

Describe the attractive forces that stabilize the nucleus (strong forces=binding energy).

Suggested Extended Thinking Strategy: Compare/Contrast
Concept: Electromagnetic Spectrum
SC.912.P.10.18  

Relate electron transition within an atom to the change in energy of the electron.

Suggested Extended Thinking Strategies: Abstracting or Comparing/Contrasting
Lesson Essential Question(s):

How has atomic theories led to our understanding of atomic models? (A)

How did new technologies and investigations lead to changes in atomic theory?

 (A)

How did the background of the atomic theorists influence their conclusions?

(ET)

Lesson Essential Question(s):

What is the arrangement of particles in an atom? (ET)

How are atomic number and atomic mass determined? (ET)

How does a Bohr model illustrate electron placement within an atom?

(A)

How does electron configuration illustrate electron placement using the quantum model?

 (A)

What differences exist between the Bohr model and the quantum model?

 (ET)

How do the four quantum numbers define an electron?

 (A)

What is the arrangement and properties of the subatomic particles in an atom?

 (A)

Lesson Essential Question(s):

How do the four quantum numbers define an electron? (A)

What is the difference between matter and energy? (ET)

How is frequency and wavelength related to the energy of a wave?

 (A)

How does energy change impact the transition of electrons between energy levels?

 (ET)

How can electrons be classified as both waves and particles?

 (A)

Vocabulary:

Bohr, Dalton, Democritus, Rutherford, Thomson

Vocabulary:

electron cloud, *isotope, *mass number, quantum theory, valence electrons, energy level, orbital, strong nuclear force, atomic number, average atomic mass

Vocabulary:

electromagnetic radiation, frequency, *spectroscope, *wavelength, ground state

Concept: Radioactivity
SC.912.P.10.11   SC.912.E.5.1   SC.912.L.15.2  

Recognize that radioactivity is caused by a breakdown of atomic nuclei.

Explain the use of nuclear equations.

Relate the half-life to the stability of a nuclide.

Describe the role of weak forces in the radioactive decay process.

Suggested Extended Thinking Strategy: Classifying/Categorizing
Concept:
Concept:
Lesson Essential Question(s):

What are the different ways that the atomic nucleus can change?

 (A)

How can reactions be classified in terms of energy change and safety issues?

 (ET)

What is the relationship between the Big Bang Theory and fusion?

 (A)

How does half-life relate to isotope stability?

 (A)

Lesson Essential Question(s):
Lesson Essential Question(s):
Vocabulary:

*fission, *fusion, radioactive dating, *half-life, *radiation, weak nuclear forces, radioactive decay

Vocabulary:

Vocabulary:

Additional Info:

The asterisk (*) next to the vocabulary terms above indicates essential FCAT vocabulary. Holt Modern Chemistry textbook, ancillary materials and resource attachment(s)

Resources:

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Student Learning Map of Unit
Vocabulary Report

Acquisition Lesson(s):

1. How did new technologies and investigations lead to changes in atomic theory?2. What are the different ways that the atomic nucleus can change?3. What is the relationship between the Big Bang Theory and fusion?4. How does a Bohr model illustrate electron placement within an atom? 5. How does electron configuration illustrate electron placement using the quantum model?6. How can electrons be classified as both waves and particles?7. How does half-life relate to isotope stability?8. How do the four quantum numbers define an electron?9. What is the arrangement and properties of the subatomic particles in an atom?

Extended Thinking Lesson(s):

1. What is the arrangement of particles in an atom?2. How are atomic number and atomic mass determined?3. What is the difference between matter and energy?4. How does energy change impact the transition of electrons between energy levels?5. How can reactions be classified in terms of energy change and safety issues?6. How did the background of the atomic theorists influence their conclusions? 7. What differences exist between the Bohr model and the quantum model?

Vocabulary Report

  • electromagnetic radiation -

    A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

  • Bohr -

    Danish physicist who studied atomic structure and radiations; the Bohr theory of the atom accounted for the spectrum of hydrogen.

  • electron cloud -

    the group of electrons revolving around the nucleus of an atom; a cloudlike group of electrons

  • *fission -

    the splitting of an atom into at least two other atoms and the release of a relatively large amount of energy

  • Dalton -

    English chemist and physicist who formulated atomic theory and the law of partial pressures; gave the first description of red-green color blindness.

  • frequency -

    the number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time; also the number of waves produced in a given amount of time

  • *fusion -

    the combining of two nuclei to form a heavier one

  • *isotope -

    an atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons (and thus a different atomic mass)

  • Democritus -

    Greek philosopher who developed an atomistic theory of matter

  • *mass number -

    the sum of the number of protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an atom

  • Rutherford -

    British physicist (born in New Zealand) who discovered the atomic nucleus and proposed a nuclear model of the atom.

  • Thomson -

    British physicist and Nobel laureate credited for the discovery of the electron and of isotopes, and the invention of the mass spectrometer.

  • radioactive dating -

    the process by which the approximate age of an object is determined based on the amount of certain radioactive nuclides present

  • quantum theory -

    the study of the structure and behavior of the atom and of subatomic particles from the view that all energy comes in tiny, indivisible bundles

  • valence electrons -

    an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atom's chemical properties

  • energy level -

    The path of a given electron's orbit around a nucleus, marked by a constant distance from the nucleus.

  • *half-life -

    the time required for half of a sample of a radioactive substance to disintegrate by radioactive decay or by natural processes

  • orbital -

    a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons

  • *radiation -

    energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles

  • *spectroscope -

    an apparatus to effect dispersion of radiation and visual display of the spectrum obtained

  • weak nuclear forces -

    the weak nuclear force causes radioactive decay, and, in particular, governs β decay whereby a neutron breaks up into a proton, an electron and an antineutrino.

  • *wavelength -

    the distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave

  • radioactive decay -

    the distintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus into one or more different nuclides, accompanied by the emission of radiation, the nuclear capture or ejection of electrons, or fission

  • ground state -

    the lowest energy state of a quantized system

  • strong nuclear force -

    Strongest of the four fundamental forces keeping protons and neutrons inside of atomic nuclei.

  • atomic number -

    the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; the atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element

  • average atomic mass -

    the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element